Let $f(x)=e^{-x}-4$ and $g(x)=e^x$. Consider the following actions:

(a) reflecting the graph of $g(x)$ in the $x$-axis;
(b) reflecting the graph of $g(x)$ in the $y$-axis;
(c) shifting the resulting graph to the right 4 units;
(d) shifting the resulting graph to the left 4 units;
(e) shifting the resulting graph upward 4 units;
(f) shifting the resulting graph downward 4 units;
The graph of $f(x)$ can be obtained from the graph of $g(x)$ by first doing ? a b followed by ? c d e f

What is What is the domain of the function $f(x)$?
Give your answer in interval notation.

What is the range of the function $f(x)$?
Give your answer in interval notation.