The graph of the function $y = - 22 f(x)$ can be obtained from the graph of $y = f(x)$ by one of the following actions:

(a) horizontally stretching the graph of $f(x)$ by a factor 22;
(b) horizontally shrinking the graph of $f(x)$ by a factor 22;
(c) vertically stretching the graph of $f(x)$ by a factor 22;
(d) vertically shrinking the graph of $f(x)$ by a factor 22;

Your answer is ? a b c d

Then followed by one of the following actions:

(e) reflecting the resulting graph in $x$-axis;
(f) reflecting the resulting graph in $y$-axis;

Your answer is ? e f