The figure shows a vector field and three paths from to . The top and bottom paths and comprise a circle, and the middle path is a line segment. Determine whether the following quantities are positive, negative, or zero, or answer true or false. Be sure you can explain your answers.

(a) is

(b) is

(c) is

(d) is

(e) True or False:

(f) True or False: is a gradient field.
 

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You can earn 50% partial credit for 3 - 5 correct answers.