A square matrix is called
half-magic
if the sum of the numbers in each row and column is the same. The common sum in each row and column is denoted by and is called the
magic sum
of the matrix . Let be the vector space of half-magic squares.
(a) Find
.
Consider the linear operator that subtracts the magic sum from every entry in the matrix. More preciselly, .
(b) Find
.
(c) Find an ordered basis for .
,
.
(d) Find the matrix of in your chosen basis .
.
You can earn partial credit on this problem.