For any set , denote by the set of all subsets of (including the empty set and itself). This is called the power set of .

If are elements of , define


FACT: together with these two operations forms a commutative ring with a multiplicative identity.

For the rest of this exercise, take to be the set .

(a) What is the multiplicative identity of ?






(b) What is the additive identity of ?






(c) Which of these are nonzero* zero divisors of ?








(d) Which of these are units of ?








*(Some authors define zero to be a zero divisor, others disagree.)