In a head-on, proton-proton collision, the ratio of kinetic energy in the center of mass system to the incident kinetic energy is

Approximate with the first two nonzero terms of the Taylor series when (i.e. in the nonrelativistic scenario):
.

Approximate with the first two nonzero terms of the Taylor series when (i.e. in the extremely relativistic scenario):
.

(Hint: If , then .)

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